更新时间：作者：小小条
考虑到定语从句是高考英语语法中的高频考点，且学生常在关系词选择、成分判断等方面出错，我先以定语从句为专题进行梳理。下面从基础精讲、核心考点归纳、针对性精练三部分展开，帮助学生快速掌握。
例：The book (that you lent me) is interesting. （括号内为定语从句，修饰先行词 the book）
关键成分：先行词：被修饰的名词 / 代词（人 / 物 / 时间 / 地点 / 原因）关系词：连接主句与从句，且在从句中作成分（主语 / 宾语 / 定语 / 状语），分两类：类别
| 常见关系词 | 指代对象 | 在从句中作的成分 |
关系代词 | that, which, who, whom, whose | 人 / 物 | 主语、宾语、定语 |
关系副词 | where, when, why | 地点 / 时间 / 原因 | 状语 |
例：This is the girl who helped me. （从句缺主语，用 who）
例：The pen (that) I bought is lost. （从句缺宾语，that 可省略）
关系副词（where/when/why）：从句不缺主宾，缺状语时用，不可省略，可转化为 “介词 + 关系代词”。例：This is the school where I studied. = This is the school in which I studied.
只能用 that 的情况 | 只能用 which 的情况 |
1. 先行词既有人又有物 | 1. 非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开） |
2. 先行词被序数词 / 最高级修饰 | 2. 关系词前有介词（介词 + which） |
3. 先行词是 all, everything, nothing 等不定代词 | 3. 引导从句修饰整个主句内容 |
例：He talked about the people and places that he visited. | 例：The house, which is red, is mine. （非限制性，逗号后用 which） |
例：The hotel where we stayed → The hotel at which we stayed
when = 介词 + which（先行词为时间）：in/on/at + which例：The day when he arrived → The day on which he arrived
why = for + which（先行词为 reason）例：The reason why he left → The reason for which he left
例：The boy whose father is a doctor studies hard. （指代 “男孩的”）
例：The house whose windows are broken needs repair. （指代 “房子的”）
例：We are in a situation where we need to make a decision.
先行词是 occasion, moment 等 “抽象时间”，用 when（不用 which）。例：I still remember the moment when we met.
例：The teacher came in who had taught us last year. （先行词是 the teacher，被 came in 隔开，关系词用 who）
(1) This is the best film ______ I have ever seen. （考点 1：最高级后用 that）
A. which B. that C. who D. where
(2) The city ______ I was born is very beautiful. （考点 2：where=in which）
A. where B. which C. that D. when
(3) Do you know the girl ______ mother is a nurse? （考点 3：whose 表 “…… 的”）
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
(4) We have reached a point ______ we need to work together. （考点 4：抽象地点用 where）
A. when B. where C. which D. why
(1) I will never forget the day ______ I met my best friend. （when，先行词为时间，从句缺状语）
(2) The book ______ cover is blue belongs to me. （whose，指代 “书的”，作定语）
(3) This is the factory ______ my father works. （where/in which，先行词为地点，从句缺状语）
(1) The man which helped me yesterday is a doctor. （which→who，先行词为人，关系词作主语）
(2) I visited the school where I studied there ten years ago. （去掉 there，where 已表地点，避免重复）
(3) The reason why he was late was because he missed the bus. （why→that，reason 后定语从句用 that 引导，或去掉 why，直接用 that）
(1) B 解析：先行词被最高级 best 修饰，只能用 that。
(2) A 解析：先行词为 city（地点），从句缺状语，用 where。
(3) C 解析：从句中 mother 需定语修饰，用 whose 表 “女孩的”。
(4) B 解析：先行词 point 是抽象地点，从句缺状语，用 where。
(1) when (2) whose (3) where/in which
(1) which→who (2) 去掉 there (3) why→that 或 去掉 why
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