更新时间:2024-04-02 12:20作者:留学世界
定语从句(theAttributive/Relative/AdjectiveClause)是高中英语学习的主要语法项目之一,在高考各个题型中都有可能会涉及。它的结构和用法比较复杂,是高中阶段英语学习的一个难点,也是历年高考的热点。笔者根据多年的语法教学实践归纳出以下简易口诀,希冀对2013届考生学习掌握定语从句的用法有所帮助。
◆一个定义:
在复合句中相当于一个“形容词”,起“定语”的作用,修饰说明名词、代词或主句全部内容的从句。
★复合句=主句+定语从句
↓↓
先行词关系词
★限制性定语从句(修饰限制、无逗号);非限制性定语从句(附加说明、常有逗号隔开)
◆二类关系词:(共9个)
①关系代词(指物which、指人who/whom、既指物又指人that/whose/as)
②关系副词(指时间when、地点where、原因why)
◆三项作用:
①连接作用②替代作用③成分作用
◆四个核心考点:
①which/that/as
★常见句型:such/so/as/thesame…as…;asisknowntoall;asanybodycansee;asisoftenthecase;asismentionedabove;asisreportedinthenewspaper;aswehadexpected等。
②who/whom/whose
★whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whom或ofwhich/whom+the+n.
③when/where/why/theway(inwhich/that)
★注意一些抽象化的先行词:situation/point/case/condition/stage/activity/job/game/race/…+where…;occasion/interval/age/…+
when…
④介词+关系代词which/whom/whose+n.
★介词选择“三原则”:先行词的习惯搭配;从句中动词、形容词的习惯搭配;综合考虑。
★All/both/none/neither/some/any/most/half/each/many/…+ofwhich/whom…
◆五种成分:关系词可以在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语、表语或状语。
◆六种特殊情况:
①当先行词是不定代词all,few,little,none,nothing,anything,everything,much等,定语从句的关系代词要用that;
②当先行词被all,any,little,few,no,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰,定语从句的关系代词要用that;
③当先行词是最高级、序数词或被它们修饰,定语从句的关系代词要用that;
④当先行词既有人又有物,定语从句的关系代词要用that;
⑤当引导非限制性定语从句,指物或指代前面整个句子的内容,定语从句的关系代词要用which;
⑥放在介词后面指物时,定语从句的关系代词要用which。
◆七个易混点:
①定语从句VS强调句型
ItwasNov.11,2011whentheygotmarried.(定语从句)
ItwasonNov.11,2011thattheygotmarried.(强调句型)
②定语从句VS名词性从句
Thefactthathetoldusisverysurprising.(定语从句)
Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.(同位语从句)
③定语从句VS并列句
Jimpassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisedeverybodyintheoffice.(定语从句)
Jimpassedthedrivingtest,andit/this/thatsurprisedeverybodyintheoffice.(并列句)
IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,butneitherofthemcame.(并列句)
IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,neitherofwhomcame.(定语从句)
TheywillflytoKunming,wheretheywillstayfortwoorthreedays.(定语从句)
TheywillflytoKunming,andtheretheywillstayfortwoorthreedays.(并列句)
④定语从句VS状语从句
Sheissuchagoodteacherasweallrespect.(定语从句)
Sheissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecther.(状语从句)
⑤关系代词as/which指代整个主句时的用法区别。
Asiswell-knowntousall,smokingisharmfultoourhealth.
Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.
⑥Oneof…/the(only)oneof…作先行词时,从句主谓一致问题。
Heisoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.
Heisthe(only)oneoftheboyswhohaspassedtheexam.
⑦Thereason/theway等作先行词时,从句引导词的选择问题。
Theway(that/which)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(作宾语)
Theway(that/inwhich)heexplainedthesentencetouswasquitesimple.(作状语)
◆八字口诀:一看(先行词),二析(从句成分),三思(特殊情况),四选(关系词)
★速判关系代词或关系副词的关键是把先行词放到从句中,看它在从句中所作的成分。
【高考真题训练】
1.(2012全国II,8)Thatevening,________Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when
2.(2012江西卷,28)By16:30,________wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.
A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that
3.(2012天津卷,7)IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without________helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.
A.whoB.whoseC.whoD.which
4.(2012山东卷,23)Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof________havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.
A.themB.thatC.whichD.what
5.(2012四川卷,13)Inourclassthereare46students,________halfwearglasses.
A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem
6.(2012陕西卷,14)Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,________hassurprisedusall.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what
7.(2012北京卷,26)Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,________heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
8.(2012安徽卷,29)Alotoflanguagelearning,________hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.
A.asB.itC.whichD.this
9.(2012福建卷,23)Theairqualityinthecity,________isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.
A.thatB.itC.asD.what
10.(2012江苏卷,22)Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,________urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.
A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what
11.(2012浙江卷,17)Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,________,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.
A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom
12.(2012浙江卷,9)Weliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.
A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich
13.(2012重庆卷,29)Salesdirectorisaposition________communicationabilityisjustasimportantassales
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
【参考答案】
1-5BABCC6-10CBACB11-13BBD
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